Conditional Sentences

Definition of Conditional Sentence

Conditional Sentences (Kalimat Pengandaian) adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang mungkin terjadi atau mungkin tidak terjadi seperti yang diharapkan.

Conditional Sentences (Kalimat Pengandaian) dalam bahasa Inggris selalu berbentuk kalimat majemuk (Compound Sentences), yaitu kalimat yang terdiri atas :

1. Main Clause (Induk Kalimat), adalah bagian dari kalimat majemuk yang dapat berdiri sendiri serta memiliki arti yang lengkap jika berpisah dari bagian yang lain dalam kalimat majemuk.
2. Subordinate Clause (Anak Kalimat), adalah bagian dari kalimat majemuk yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri seandainya berpisah dari bagian yang lain dalam kalimat majemuk.

Pada bentuk Conditional Sentences antara induk kalimat dan anak kalimat dihubungkan dengan "if (jika)".

Example :

If I have a lot of money, I will go to America

I will sleep if I am sleepy

If my father has much money, he will buy a new house

Tiga Macam Tipe Conditional Sentences

Conditional Sentences Type I

Function:

Tipe I digunakan dalam kalimat yang kejadiannya terjadi pada rentang waktu kini (presen) hingga masa depan (future), atau dapat bermakna future karena akibat (main clause) berbentuk future dan subordinate clause berbentuk simple present tense, kejadian yang ada pada main clause yang berbentuk future tersebut akan terjadi bila persyaratan yang ada pada subordinate clause (if...) terpenuhi.

Pattern:

If + simple present tense (V1/Vs), simple future tense (will + V1)

Simple future tense (will + V1) + if + simple present tense (V1/Vs)

Example:

1. If she has my address, she will send the invitation to me.
2. They will buy a car if they have money.
3. My mother will go to Bali if she has a lot of money.
4. You will be late if you sleep late.
5. He will not come if you are angry with him.
6. If I have enough time, I swim twice a week.
7. If I have enough time tomorrow, I will swim.
8. If water evaporates, it becomes gas.
9. I will go to bed if I am sleepy.
10. I will but that comic book if I have enough money.
11. If he bears the news, he will be shocked.
12. If she is not careful with the fire, she will burn her finger.
13. If he doesn't like the cake, he will not eat it.
14. If you don't water the plants, they will die.
15. Father will be happy if I finish the work before lunch.
16. I will come to your house if I have enough time.
17. Susi will wash the dishes if she feels well.
18. Jono will go to the beach the afternoon if doesn't rain.
19. If you meet Andy, ask him to call me.
20. If the bell rings, I'll go home.

Conditional Sentences Type II

Function:

Tipe II digunakan sebagai aplikasi kejadian masa sekarang atau present. Kejadiannya akan terjadi jika kondisi yang ada pada subodinate clausenya berbeda. Yang membedakan tipe ini dengan tipe pertama adalah kaliamt ini digunakan untuk kalimat pengandaian. Pada tipe I, kondisinya pada subordinate clause berbentuk present dan ini kemungkinan besar terjadi. Sedangkan pada tipe II, kondisi pada subordinate clause berbentuk simple past tense yang menyatakan masa lampau, jika masa lampau adalah masa yang sudah lewat dan kita telah mengetahuinya. Jadi tipe II adalah kalimat pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi, sedangkan tipe I bisa saja terjadi.

Pattern:

If + simple past tense (V2) + , + Would + Past Future Tense

Past Future Tense + if + simple past tense

Example:

1. If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
2. I would send her an invitation if I found her address.
3. If I had a lot of money, I wouldn't stay here.
4. I I were you, I would not do this.
5. If John had the money, he would send her invitation.
6. If I had enough money, I would buy that novel.
7. If I were a billionaire, I would buy an island and make my own country there.
8. She would be able to go if she did'nt sick.
9. She would pass test, if she studied hard.
10. He would help the poor if he were a millionare.
11. He would support me, if I bad a match.
12. He would help your homework if be were able to
13. If I were take the offer if I were you
14. If it rained tomorrow, I would sleep all day.
15. He would sleep all day if it rained tomorrow.
16. I would buy a sport car If I had much money
17. I would donate my money to charity if I were a millionaire.
18. If I had much money, I would buy a sport car.
19. I were a millionaire, I would donate money to charity
20. If Nisa studied hard, she would pass.

Conditional Sentences Type III

Function:

Tipe III digunakan untuk kejadian di waktu lampau, dan kejadiannya berlawanan dengan yang terdapat di kalimatnya. Atau bisa dikatakan tipe ketiga digunakan untuk kejadian yang sudah terlanjur terjadi dan tidak mungkin berubah lagi.

Pattern:

If + past perfect (had+V3) + , + Past future perfect tense

Past future perfect tense + if  + past perfect

Example

1. If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
2. I would have sent her an invitation if I had found her address.
3. If I hadn't studied, I wouldn't have passed my exams.
4. If John had had the money, he would have bought a Ferrari.
5. If you had told me about the problem, I would have helped you.
6. I wouldn't have broken my arm if I hadn't slipped on the stiar.
7. I should have left for Yogyakarta if I had money
8. You would have distrubed me if you had shouted loundly
9. She would have slept soundly if she had been drowsy
10. He would have been dead if he had been in emergency.
11. The teacher would have scolded me if I had been absent.
12. If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.
13. I would have attended your party if you had remembered to invite me.
14. If the waitress had been careful, she wouldn't have broke many plates.

Source :

1.     http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences

2.     http://belajarbahasainggrisonlinegratis.blogspot.com/2013/02/conditional-sentence-type-i.html

3.    http://belajarbahasainggrisonlinegratis.blogspot.com/2013/02/conditional-sentence-type-2.html

4.     http://belajarbahasainggrisonlinegratis.blogspot.com/2013/02/conditional-sentence-type-iii.html

5.     http://linggris.wordpress.com/2010/07/25/conditional-sentences/

6.     http://www.wordsmile.com/if-conditional-type-1

7.     http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/grammar/if_type1.htm

8.     http://fanziblo.blogspot.com/2013/04/conditional-sentence-type-i-ii-iii_3.html

9.     http://poentodito.blogspot.com/2013/04/conditional-sentences-type-123.html

10. http://filinanggraini.blogspot.com/2013/03/conditional-sentences-type-i-ii-iii.html